Wednesday, April 17, 2013

India (and Other Emerging/Developing Countries) Should Not Obsess about Higher Education Rankings

Prof. Altbach, http://www.bc.edu/schools/lsoe/facultystaff/faculty/altbach.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Altbach, wrote an article titled, "The overuse of rankings", http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-overuse-of-rankings/article4488869.ece, in The Hindu dated March 9th 2013.

[Please note that the CC-BY, Creative Commons Attribution license does not apply to this post.]

In the article Prof. Altbach mentions how top political and other leaders across the world, including India's Prime Minister, give tremendous value to university rankings like the Times Higher Education ranking (officially called World University Rankings), http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/, and the Shanghai ranking (officially called Academic Ranking of World Universities), http://www.shanghairanking.com/. The article states, "Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recently chastised Indian universities for having no institutions in the “top 200” of the global higher education rankings. He sees this poor showing as an indication of the low quality of Indian higher education."

The author of the article digs deeper into the above two rankings. He states that the Shanghai rankings are research based (teaching quality is not measured). The Times Higher education ranking gives research a lot of importance but also tries to factor in teaching quality and internationalization by using "weak proxies" to measure them. The article discusses some more issues related to the rankings.

In its conclusion the author states, "For India, or other developing countries, to obsess about the rankings is a mistake."

There was a response to this article from Mr. Phil Baty, editor, Times Higher Education rankings, "Why this global ranking process matters", http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/why-this-global-ranking-process-matters/article4603259.ece, in The Hindu dated April 11, 2013. Mr. Baty warned "it would be a far greater mistake for Indian institutions and policymakers to under-use the global rankings than to overuse them".

Mr Baty wrote that Times Higher Education ranking (measures) "teaching, research, knowledge transfer and internationalisation".

Prof. Altbach wrote another article, seemingly in response to Mr. Baty's article, "Ranking obsessions and India’s educational needs", http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/ranking-obsessions-and-indias-educational-needs/article4620733.ece, in The Hindu dated April 16th 2013.

I am so glad to read the articles from Prof. Altbach, a distinguished educator, questioning the relevance of higher education rankings like Times Higher Education rankings or the Shanghai rankings for the vast majority of Indian universities/colleges (typically regulated by UGC/AICTE). While I am nowhere close to being a knowledgeable person on these matters from a country-wide perspective, it seems to me that his assessment that many of these higher educational institutions (of India) "mainly provide supervision of colleges and teaching in selected postgraduate fields, but perform little if any research" is correct. And, IMHO, there is nothing shameful about it! That's the role they are cut out to play, in terms of the finance available to them, the faculty available and the students they cater to. Teaching alone is not shameful but a very respected calling, IMHO.

I particularly liked him noting the "latest eminent person to castigate Indian higher education for its low quality". I think it has become a popular sport for India's top politicians. I would have hated to be in the shoes of the academics who had to listen to such castigation without any chance to respond.

He wrote, "It (India) needs a small number of top-quality, internationally competitive research universities." I guess the elite IITs, IISc, TIFR etc. have government or other funds support and limited teaching load for its faculty, to shoot for these goals.

"And it needs significant improvement in the overall quality of the system, and especially of the colleges." I think teaching quality needs a lot of improvement. BTW here is an interesting article about NPTEL tying up with some corporates (Google, TCS etc.) for its free online learning solutions: http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-12/news/38490818_1_nptel-technology-enhanced-learning-coursera. They plan to have exams and certification for a fee (the teaching part of the course will be free). That may make it a very interesting option for many young Indians.

I think online education may 'revolutionize' Indian higher education landscape. I feel India is just about ready to get on to the MOOC bandwagon as the Internet has really caught on even in semi-urban India and some parts of rural India as well. If you want to read a short blogpost on why I feel MOOC may revolutionize higher education teaching, which is based on an external link article, you may please visit: http://eklavyasai.blogspot.in/2012/11/napster-mp3-music-industry-disruption.html.

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